Which statement best describes consequentialism?

Which statement best describes consequentialism?

• A. The morally correct action is the one that produces the greatest good and least harm for the greatest number
• B. The moral action is determined by duties and rules
• C. Morality is a matter of personal preference
• D. The rights of the majority always override minority

Answer: (A)

Consequentialism evaluates morality by the results of an action. The morally correct choice is the one that maximizes good outcomes and minimizes harm, often summarized as the greatest good for the greatest number. This emphasis on the consequences explains why the statement about producing the greatest overall good and least harm best fits consequentialism, since it judges rightness by the balance of effects for everyone affected rather than by rules or personal attitudes. In contrast, ethics based on duties and rules emphasizes adherence to obligations regardless of outcome, which is why that description points to a deontological approach. Saying morality is a matter of personal preference aligns with moral relativism or subjectivism, not consequentialism. The idea that the rights of the majority always override the minority reflects a political or rights-based stance, not a consequence-focused criterion.

Consequentialism evaluates morality by the results of an action. The morally correct choice is the one that maximizes good outcomes and minimizes harm, often summarized as the greatest good for the greatest number. This emphasis on the consequences explains why the statement about producing the greatest overall good and least harm best fits consequentialism, since it judges rightness by the balance of effects for everyone affected rather than by rules or personal attitudes.

In contrast, ethics based on duties and rules emphasizes adherence to obligations regardless of outcome, which is why that description points to a deontological approach. Saying morality is a matter of personal preference aligns with moral relativism or subjectivism, not consequentialism. The idea that the rights of the majority always override the minority reflects a political or rights-based stance, not a consequence-focused criterion.